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Ion Implanatation – non idealities
Why are the neutral atoms removed from the beam just before deposition? The total quantity…
Ion Implanatation
We saw that material can be deposited on the silicon wafer by various techniques such as PVD,…
Diffusion basics & constant source diffusion
In the previous chapter, we saw that the silicon should be changed to “N” type…
ETCHING
Etching PCB is to use the materials of chemical reactions or physical impact of technologies…
X-ray Lithography
X-ray lithography uses collimated x-rays as the exposing energy. Being much shorter in wavelength than light,…
Optical Lithography
The name optical lithography comes from the early application where the exposing energy was visible…
Lithographic Processes
The process of lithographically fabricating microcomponents is analogous to printing a photograph in a darkroom.…
Photomask manufacture
Photomasks used for optical lithography contain the pattern of the integrated circuits. The basis is…
photolithography
Photolithography is the standard method of printed circuit board (PCB) and microprocessor fabrication. The process…
Physics of Thermal Oxidation
THERMAL OXIDATION is a chemical process, where silicon dioxide (SiO) is grown in an ambient…